"What is the evidence, and what does it mean?" Bill JamesEquivalent Average, R27, Age, On-Base Percentage and Slugging Percentage for every 1994 Blue Jay (and American League leaders).
Link to Jays page. Link to other Stat Reports.
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The 1994 Toronto Blue Jays
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Games Played By Position:
First Base: John Olerud 104, Darnell Coles 10, Paul Molitor 5,
Ed Sprague 3
Second Base: Roberto Alomar 106, Domingo Cedeno 28
Shortstop: Dick Schofield 95, Alex Gonzalez 15, Domingo Cedeno 8
Third Base: Ed Sprague 107, Darnell Coles 7, Domingo Cedeno 6
Outfield: Joe Carter 110, Devon White 98, Mike Huff 76,
Carlos Delgado 41, Rob Butler 31, Darnell Coles 29,
Shawn Green 14, Robert Perez 4, Domingo Cedeno 1
Catcher: Pat Borders 85, Randy Knorr 40, Carlos Delgado 1
Starting Pitcher: Juan Guzman 25, Pat Hentgen 24, Dave Stewart 22,
Al Leiter 20, Todd Stottlemyre 19, Brad Cornett 4,
Paul Spoljaric 1
Relief Pitcher: Tony Castillo 41, Woody Williams 38, Mike Timlin 34,
Darren Hall 30, Greg Cadaret 21, Scott Brow 18,
Dave Righetti 13, Danny Cox 10, Todd Stottlemyre 7,
Brad Cornett 5, Randy St.Claire 2, Aaron Small 1,
Paul Spoljaric 1
Designated Hitter: Paul Molitor 110, John Olerud 3, Joe Carter 1,
Rob Butler 1, Darnell Coles 1
Manager: Cito Gaston
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1994 in Context
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The fans confident of 3-peat, the World Champions were 12 games out of a
playoff spot when #!$%*?!@#$%!. League offense exploded to 5.27 runs per 9
innings, up from 4.75 the previous year, and while the Jays' runs allowed rose
with the tide, the Jays' vaunted offense actually sunk, a fact still commonly
overlooked today. The owners tried to get the public to overlook that the
small-market Expos had the best record in baseball and demanded the players
agree to a salary cap for the sake of the small-market teams. The players
struck Aug 12/94 and the owners cancelled the World Series Sept 14/94,
sacrificing significant playoff revenue, which probably really did hurt the
small-market teams. No one knew when the next major league baseball game would
be played. Technically, the Jays remained World Champions despite their first
losing record after 11 consecutive winning seasons:
Runs Scored Per 9 IP Runs Allowed Per 9 IP Winning Percentage
( 1) Cleveland 6.00 | ( 1) White Sox 4.43 | ( 1) NYYankees 70-43 .619
( 2) NYYankees 5.91 | ( 2) Baltimore 4.48 | ( 2) White Sox 67-46 .593
( 3) Detroit 5.76 | ( 3) Kansas City 4.64 | ( 3) Cleveland 66-47 .584
( 4) White Sox 5.64 | ( 4) NYYankees 4.71 | ( 4) Baltimore 63-49 .563
( 5) Texas 5.39 | ( 5) Cleveland 4.97 | ( 5) Kansas City 64-51 .557
( 6) Minnesota 5.32 | ( 6) TORONTO 5.08 | ( 6) TORONTO 55-60 .478
( 7) Baltimore 5.31 | ( 7) Milwaukee 5.09 | ( 7) Boston 54-61 .470
( 8) Seattle 5.20 | ( 8) Oakland 5.27 | ( 8) Minnesota 53-60 .469
( 9) Kansas City 5.01 | ( 9) Boston 5.43 | ( 9) Detroit 53-62 .461
(10) TORONTO 4.97 | (10) Seattle 5.63 | ( 9) Milwaukee 53-62 .461
(11) Oakland 4.92 | (11) California 5.78 | (11) Texas 52-62 .456
(12) Boston 4.83 | (12) Detroit 5.93 | (12) Oakland 51-63 .447
(13) California 4.76 | (13) Texas 6.13 | (13) Seattle 49-63 .438
(14) Milwaukee 4.75 | (14) Minnesota 6.16 | (14) California 47-68 .409
Avg 5.27 Avg 5.27 797-797
The TV announcers kept saying the Jays had a star-studded lineup. The
reporters kept writing that the Jays had a star-studded lineup. The _Sports
Encyclopedia_ records that "World champion Toronto was betrayed by its
pitching." But in reality, the Jays' offense collapsed. The Jays were below-
average at scoring runs, ranking just 10th in the league:
Team Equivalent Average:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
NYY CLE CHW DET TEX OAK MIN SEA BAL TOR KAN CAL BOS MIL
.278 .275 .270 .269 .263 .262 .261 .257 .257 .254 .251 .249 .247 .245
Correcting runs allowed for park factor and setting the league average to .260,
the Jays' pitching & defense was still better than average, the same .257
opponents' EqA as the previous year:
Opponents' Equivalent Average:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
BAL KAN CHW MIL NYY CLE TOR BOS SEA CAL OAK DET MIN TEX
.240 .244 .246 .252 .254 .255 .257 .259 .265 .269 .269 .273 .277 .277
SkyDome continued to be a neutral park:
Park Factors ((PF-1)*100, hitters' parks first):
1 1 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 9 11 12 13 14
BOS MIL BAL KAN SEA CAL DET MIN TEX TOR CLE CHW NYY OAK
4.5 4.5 4.0 3.6 1.6 1.1 .1 .1 -.4 -.4 -1.4 -2.9 -4.9 -8.4
(derived from park factors in Total Baseball, 5th ed., which are based
on data from 1993-1995 except when the park changed; see Glossary)
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'94 Hitters
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John Olerud's Equivalent Average dropped 66 points, Roberto Alomar's dropped
30 points, Devon White's dropped 20 points, and Ed Sprague's and Pat Borders'
dropped 19 points. Schofield's EqA was 49 points below Tony Fernandez's of a
year earlier. Paul Molitor's stayed about the same and Joe Carter's improved
6 points. The biggest improvement was in left-field, where Mike Huff, obtained
from the White Sox for Domingo Martinez before the season, played well, but
that wasn't enough to offset all the declines. Of course, we'll never know if
the Jays were just waiting for the last two months to break out:
Age EqA BA OBP SLG R27 EqR R RBI HR SB CS PA
Paul Molitor 37 R DH .313 .341 .413 .518 7.90 83 86 75 14 20 0 509
John Olerud 25 L 1B .292 .297 .393 .477 6.63 63 47 67 12 1 2 445
Roberto Alomar 26 S 2B .285 .306 .386 .452 6.25 62 78 38 8 19 8 443
Mike Huff 30 R LF .283 .304 .385 .449 6.16 31 31 25 3 2 1 234
Joe Carter 34 R RF .279 .271 .323 .524 5.96 66 70 103 27 11 0 468
Devon White 31 S CF .257 .270 .307 .457 4.85 51 67 49 13 11 3 424
Dick Schofield 31 R SS .233 .255 .326 .342 3.79 33 38 32 4 7 7 359
Ed Sprague 26 R 3B .225 .240 .280 .373 3.47 38 38 44 11 1 0 428
Pat Borders 31 R C .213 .247 .284 .329 3.01 24 24 26 3 1 1 310
Carlos Delgado started the season in left-field and hit a bunch of massive home
runs, but the Jays sent him down after he slumped. Delgado's career range
factor in the outfield was 1.59 plays made per game, below the typical average
for left-fielders of 1.99:
Age EqA BA OBP SLG R27 EqR R RBI HR SB CS PA
Carlos Delgado 22 L OF .265 .215 .342 .438 5.22 19 17 24 9 1 1 155
Randy Knorr 25 R C .246 .242 .299 .427 4.34 14 20 19 7 0 0 134
Darnell Coles 32 R OF .212 .210 .261 .350 2.97 12 15 15 4 0 0 153
Domingo Cedeno 25 S 2B .192 .196 .271 .278 2.35 7 14 10 0 1 2 107
Alex Gonzalez made the Jays' opening day lineup with a hot spring but was sent
down when he didn't hit. Rob Butler was sold to the Phillies after the season.
Shawn Green won the AAA batting title but didn't hit when the Jays gave him a
try part way through the season:
Age EqA BA OBP SLG R27 EqR R RBI HR SB CS PA
Alex Gonzalez 21 R SS .166 .151 .211 .245 1.63 3 7 1 0 3 0 57
Rob Butler 24 L OF .152 .176 .247 .203 1.29 3 13 5 0 0 1 81
Shawn Green 21 L OF -.109 .091 .118 .121 -.57 -1 1 1 0 1 0 34
Robert Perez 25 R OF -.120 .125 .125 .125 -.73 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Triples:
Devon White 6, Roberto Alomar 4, Paul Molitor 4, Domingo Cedeno 3,
Mike Huff 3, Joe Carter 2, John Olerud 2, Pat Borders 1, Rob Butler 1,
Darnell Coles 1, Alex Gonzalez 1, Dick Schofield 1, Ed Sprague 1
Doubles (leaders):
Paul Molitor 30, John Olerud 29, Roberto Alomar 25, Joe Carter 25,
Devon White 24, Ed Sprague 19, Mike Huff 15, Dick Schofield 14
Times On Base (Hits + Walks) (leaders):
Paul Molitor 210, John Olerud 175, Roberto Alomar 171, Joe Carter 151,
Devon White 130, Ed Sprague 120, Dick Schofield 117, Mike Huff 90
Outs (AB-H+CS) (leaders):
Joe Carter 317, Ed Sprague 308, Paul Molitor 299, Devon White 297,
Roberto Alomar 280, John Olerud 272, Dick Schofield 249, Pat Borders 223
Strikeout-to-Walk Ratio:
Ed Sprague 4.1, Devon White 3.8, Randy Knorr 3.5, Pat Borders 3.3,
Domingo Cedeno 3.1, Darnell Coles 2.5, Joe Carter 1.9, Carlos Delgado 1.8,
Dick Schofield 1.8, Mike Huff 1.0, Paul Molitor .9, John Olerud .9,
Roberto Alomar .8
Games Played (leaders):
Paul Molitor 115, Joe Carter 111, Ed Sprague 109, John Olerud 108,
Roberto Alomar 107, Devon White 100, Dick Schofield 95, Pat Borders 85
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'94 Starting Pitchers
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Pat Hentgen had an excellent season, and Todd Stottlemyre was better than
average (after the stint as closer). Playoff heroes Juan Guzman and Dave
Stewart did not pitch well. Stottlemyre and Stewart departed for Oakland
after the season:
Age W L ERA RA* R27 IP EqA BA OBP SLG HR K/9
Pat Hentgen 25 R 13 8 3.40 3.73 4.13 174.7 .232 .242 .305 .396 21 7.6
Todd Stottlemyre 29 R 7 7 4.22 4.63 5.06 140.7 .253 .273 .332 .442 19 6.7
Al Leiter 28 L 6 7 5.08 5.58 5.46 111.7 .266 .285 .377 .399 6 8.1
Juan Guzman 27 R 12 11 5.68 6.23 5.90 147.3 .276 .284 .367 .455 20 7.6
Dave Stewart 37 R 7 8 5.87 6.44 6.27 133.3 .282 .287 .362 .499 26 7.5
Canadian Paul Spoljaric got rocked in two outings after making the team in the
spring:
Age W L ERA RA* R27 IP EqA BA OBP SLG HR K/9
Brad Cornett 25 R 1 3 6.68 7.33 5.50 31.0 .283 .315 .370 .421 1 6.4
Paul Spoljaric 23 L 0 1 38.57 42.33 30.23 2.3 .565 .455 .7001.322 3 7.7
Games Started:
Juan Guzman 25, Pat Hentgen 24, Dave Stewart 22, Al Leiter 20,
Todd Stottlemyre 19, Brad Cornett 4, Paul Spoljaric 1
Complete Games:
Pat Hentgen 6, Todd Stottlemyre 3, Juan Guzman 2, Al Leiter 1,
Dave Stewart 1
Innings Pitched Per Game (IP/G):
Pat Hentgen 7.3, Dave Stewart 6.1, Juan Guzman 5.9, Al Leiter 5.6,
Todd Stottlemyre 5.4, Brad Cornett 3.4, Paul Spoljaric 1.2
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'94 Relief Pitchers
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The bullpen was the best part of the '94 team, despite the loss of Duane Ward
to shoulder problems. Tony Castillo was very effective. Darren Hall became
the closer. Woody Williams pitched very well, both before and after he was
sent down, as the R27 stat (if not ERA) would attest, but you still hear
announcers say his 1 appearance (5 days) with the SkyChiefs turned him around:
Age W L ERA RA* R27 IP EqA BA OBP SLG HR K/9
Tony Castillo 31 L 5 2 2.51 2.75 4.56 68.0 .226 .256 .329 .399 7 5.7
Darren Hall 29 R 2 3 3.41 3.74 3.83 31.7 .229 .226 .310 .358 3 8.0
Woody Williams 27 R 1 3 3.64 3.99 3.65 59.3 .230 .208 .314 .328 5 8.5
Mike Timlin 28 R 0 1 5.18 5.69 5.27 40.0 .265 .266 .351 .427 5 8.6
Greg Cadaret 32 L 0 1 5.85 6.42 7.82 20.0 .295 .300 .423 .517 4 6.8
Danny Cox pitched well after returning from shoulder surgery:
Age W L ERA RA* R27 IP EqA BA OBP SLG HR K/9
Danny Cox 34 R 1 1 1.45 1.59 .57 18.7 .138 .117 .209 .148 0 6.8
Dave Righetti 35 L 0 1 6.75 7.41 4.38 13.3 .273 .191 .333 .359 2 6.8
Scott Brow 25 R 0 3 5.90 6.48 6.59 29.0 .285 .293 .393 .466 4 4.7
Randy St.Claire 33 R 0 0 9.00 9.88 10.64 2.0 .341 .400 .500 .508 0 9.0
Aaron Small 22 R 0 0 9.00 9.88 17.12 2.0 .381 .455 .538 .825 1 .0
Relief Appearances:
Tony Castillo 41, Woody Williams 38, Mike Timlin 34, Darren Hall 30,
Greg Cadaret 21, Scott Brow 18, Dave Righetti 13, Danny Cox 10,
Todd Stottlemyre 7, Brad Cornett 5, Randy St.Claire 2, Aaron Small 1,
Paul Spoljaric 1
Saves:
Darren Hall 17, Danny Cox 3, Scott Brow 2, Mike Timlin 2, Tony Castillo 1,
Todd Stottlemyre 1
Innings Pitched Per Game (IP/G):
Aaron Small 2.0, Danny Cox 1.9, Tony Castillo 1.7, Scott Brow 1.6,
Woody Williams 1.6, Mike Timlin 1.2, Darren Hall 1.1, Dave Righetti 1.0,
Randy St.Claire 1.0, Greg Cadaret 1.0
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1994 American League Leaders
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Despite a "star-studded lineup", the Jays only had one hitter in the top 14.
Frank Thomas won the MVP award again, though less meaningfully when only 70% of
the season was played. Jimmy Key was 6th in the voting, David Cone 9th, Joe
Carter 10th, Jose Canseco 11th and Paul Molitor 19th:
Top 14 Hitters by EqA (minimum 295 plate appearances):
EqA BA OBP SLG R27 EqR R RBI HR SB CS PA
Frank Thomas CHW 1B .378 .353 .492 .729 12.38 117 106 101 38 2 3 508
Albert Belle CLE OF .353 .357 .436 .714 10.57 102 90 101 36 9 6 470
Paul O'Neill NYY OF .349 .359 .464 .603 9.94 88 68 83 21 5 4 440
Ken Griffey SEA OF .331 .323 .401 .674 9.28 95 94 90 40 11 3 489
Kenny Lofton CLE OF .320 .349 .415 .536 8.31 92 105 57 12 60 12 511
Wade Boggs NYY 3B .318 .342 .436 .489 7.83 70 61 55 11 2 1 427
Chili Davis CAL DH .315 .311 .414 .561 8.14 77 72 84 26 3 2 461
Will Clark TEX 1B .314 .329 .433 .501 7.95 73 73 80 13 5 1 460
Paul Molitor TOR DH .313 .341 .413 .518 7.90 83 86 75 14 20 0 509
Shane Mack MIN OF .312 .333 .397 .564 7.87 56 55 61 15 4 1 335
Bob Hamelin KAN DH .309 .282 .391 .599 7.99 61 64 65 24 4 3 368
Mike Stanley NYY C .308 .300 .383 .545 7.26 54 54 57 17 0 0 329
Julio Franco CHW DH .308 .319 .404 .510 7.41 79 72 98 20 8 1 495
Mo Vaughn BOS 1B .306 .310 .397 .576 7.86 73 65 82 26 4 4 451
David Cone and Roger Clemens appear to have been the best 2 pitchers in the
league; Cone won the Cy Young Award, but Clemens got Stiebed (no votes at all).
Jimmy Key was 2nd in the voting, Randy Johnson 3rd and Mussina 4th:
Top 14 Starting Pitchers by EqA (minimum 95.3 innings pitched):
W L ERA RA* R27 IP EqA BA OBP SLG HR K/9
Roger Clemens BOS 9 7 2.85 3.13 3.19 170.7 .209 .204 .288 .327 15 8.9
David Cone KAN 16 5 2.94 3.23 3.05 171.7 .209 .211 .275 .334 15 6.9
Steve Ontiveros OAK 6 4 2.65 2.91 2.82 115.3 .212 .221 .267 .327 7 4.4
Randy Johnson SEA 13 6 3.19 3.50 3.36 172.0 .218 .214 .296 .333 14 10.7
Mike Mussina BAL 16 5 3.06 3.36 3.84 176.3 .220 .246 .291 .391 19 5.1
Ricky Bones MIL 10 9 3.43 3.76 4.10 170.7 .228 .256 .304 .396 17 3.0
Dennis Martinez CLE 11 6 3.52 3.86 3.73 176.7 .230 .249 .296 .374 14 4.7
Kevin Appier KAN 7 6 3.83 4.20 3.85 155.0 .231 .238 .313 .355 11 8.4
Pat Hentgen TOR 13 8 3.40 3.73 4.13 174.7 .232 .242 .305 .396 21 7.6
Wilson Alvarez CHW 12 8 3.45 3.79 4.13 161.7 .235 .243 .314 .381 16 6.0
Charles Nagy CLE 10 8 3.45 3.79 4.39 169.3 .237 .268 .318 .403 15 5.7
Ben McDonald BAL 14 7 4.06 4.46 4.19 157.3 .237 .253 .315 .386 14 5.4
Aaron Sele BOS 8 7 3.83 4.20 4.52 143.3 .237 .257 .331 .391 13 6.6
Jimmy Key NYY 17 4 3.27 3.59 4.35 168.0 .238 .272 .326 .387 10 5.2
Top 7 Relievers by EqA (minimum 50 innings or 10 saves):
W L ERA RA* R27 IP EqA BA OBP SLG HR K/9
Steve Howe NYY 3 0 1.80 1.98 2.05 40.0 .181 .199 .236 .291 2 4.1
Mark Eichhorn BAL 6 5 2.15 2.36 2.93 71.0 .195 .236 .287 .310 1 4.4
Bobby Ayala SEA 4 3 2.86 3.14 2.99 56.7 .209 .208 .298 .291 2 12.1
Ken Ryan BOS 2 3 2.44 2.68 3.68 48.0 .209 .253 .317 .336 1 6.0
Mike Fetters MIL 1 4 2.54 2.79 3.86 46.0 .213 .240 .343 .304 0 6.1
Bill Risley SEA 9 6 3.44 3.78 2.70 52.3 .213 .173 .253 .327 7 10.5
Bob Wickman NYY 5 4 3.09 3.39 2.98 70.0 .218 .214 .290 .305 3 7.2
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Theory Stuff, 1994
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The Jays won one game less than expected from their runs scored to runs allowed
ratio:
Pythagorean WPct Extra Wins
( 1) CHW 69-44 .608 | ( 1) MIN 4
( 2) NYY 68-45 .602 | ( 2) BOS 3
( 3) CLE 66-47 .586 | ( 3) KAN 3
( 4) BAL 65-47 .577 | ( 4) NYY 2
( 5) KAN 61-54 .535 | ( 5) TEX 2
( 6) TOR 56-59 .490 | ( 6) CLE 0
( 7) DET 56-59 .487 | ( 7) CAL 0
( 8) OAK 53-61 .469 | ( 8) MIL -1
( 9) MIL 54-61 .469 | ( 9) TOR -1
(10) SEA 52-60 .464 | (10) BAL -2
(11) BOS 51-64 .446 | (11) CHW -2
(12) TEX 50-64 .442 | (12) OAK -2
(13) MIN 49-64 .433 | (13) SEA -3
(14) CAL 47-68 .412 | (14) DET -3
Note: PythagWPct = RF^1.83 / ( RF^1.83 + RA^1.83 )
where RF=Runs For and RA=Runs Against
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Glossary
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General:
Equivalent Average (EqA): corrects runs per 9 innings for park factor and
rescales so that .260 is average and .300 represents excellence every year:
EqA = ( (( R9 / PF ) / AvgR9) * (.260 ^ (1 / 0.4)) ) ^ 0.4
where R9 = Runs per 9 innings (defined differently in each section below)
PF = Park Factor (see explanation in Team section below)
AvgR9 = Average Runs per 9 innings in Year (see each section below)
^ 0.4 makes distribution much like batting average's
Note: Equivalent Average was invented by Clay Davenport as a 'hitter' stat.
My application of EqA to 'teams' and 'pitchers' may differ from what
he would do, and my formulas and park factors for 'hitters' differ,
but my resulting hitter EqAs are very similar in practice.
Estimated Runs Produced: ERP = 0.16*(3H+2D+4T+6HR+2BB+SB-0.605*(AB-H+CS)),
invented by Paul Johnson, more accurate than Bill James' runs created,
background info available at http://www.stephent.com/jays/erp.html
ERPAdj: ratio of league's Runs to ERP, always close to 1.0, 1.014 in 1994
Age: as of July 1, 1994
Team Stats Glossary:
Runs Scored Per 9 IP: runs scored per 9 innings pitched by the team, not
against the team (the latter would be preferable but is harder to find).
For example, in 1994, the Jays scored 566 runs, allowed 579 runs, and
pitched 1025.0 innings, from which the listed numbers were calculated.
Team Equivalent Average: in EqA formula above, R9 is team's runs scored per
9 IP, and AvgR9 is league average runs per 9 IP (5.27 in 1994)
Opponents' Equivalent Average: R9 is team's runs allowed per 9 IP
Park Factor (PF): divisor which corrects run totals for park effect;
Total Baseball, 5th ed. lists two park factors for each team, one for hitters
and one for pitchers, to correct for the advantage of not facing your own
team's pitching or vice versa, a minor detail. I took the average of the two
park factors for each team and normalized them so that their product was 1.0.
Example, if TB5's park factors were 105 and 106, I would average them to
105.5, which after normalization might be 1.054. To not repeat the 1.0 and
0.9 prefixes excessively, the listed numbers are (PF-1)*100. For example,
the park factor of 1.054 would be listed as 5.4. To get the park factor (PF)
from the listed number, divide it by 100 and add 1. TB5's park factors are
based on data from 1993-1995 except when the park changed.
Hitting Stats Glossary:
Group1: hitters with 9 most plate appearances (more if tie for 9th in PA)
Group2: other hitters with at least 100 PA
Group3: remaining hitters
L/R/S: bats Left, Right, or Switch
EqA: Equivalent Average, in formula above, R9 = R27 * ERPAdj (R27 defined below,
ERPAdj defined above), AvgR9 = 5.27 / 1.04 (estimate of Major League
average from 1994 American League average, 1.04 accounts for DH rule)
BA: Batting Average, (H/AB), inaccurate measure of batting ability (ignores
power, walks, stealing, park factor, league average), use EqA instead
OBP: On-Base Percentage, estimated as (H+BB)/(AB+BB)
SLG: Slugging Average, (H+D+2T+3HR)/AB
R27: estimate of how many runs a lineup of that player would score in a game,
i.e. ERP per 27 outs, in 1994, 25.7*ERP/(AB-H+CS), average roughly 5.27
EqR: Equivalent Runs, park-adjusted Estimated Runs Produced scaled so that
100 represents excellence every year, EqR=(ERPAdj*ERP/PF)*(4.50/AvgR9),
AvgR9 same as in hitter EqA, results similar to Clay Davenport's
R: Runs Scored
RBI: Runs Batted In, inaccurate measure of run production, use EqR instead
D: Doubles, T: Triples, HR: Home Runs, AB: At Bats, BB: Walks
SB: Stolen Bases, CS: Caught Stealing
PA: Plate Appearances (estimated as AB+BB)
Pitching Stats Glossary:
Starting Pitcher = at least one-third of appearances were starts
Group1: starting pitchers with 5 most starts (more if tie for 5th in starts)
Group2: remaining starters
Group3: relief pitchers with 5 most relief appearances
Group4: remaining relievers
W: Wins, L: Losses, L/R: Left-hander or Right-hander
ERA: Earned Run Average (9*ER/IP), ER = Earned Runs allowed
RA: Run Average (9*R/IP), R = total Runs allowed
RA*: RA estimated from ERA because pitcher runs is not listed in my stats
source; in 1994, estimated as 1.10*ERA
R27: ERP per 27 outs (9*ERP/IP, ERP estimated as below)
IP: Innings Pitched
EqA: Equivalent Average against pitcher, based on ERA, RA* and R27:
in EqA formula, let R9 = (1.10*ERA)/6 + (RA*)/3 + (1.014*R27)/2
and AvgR9 = American League average runs per 9 IP (5.27 in 1994),
not as accurate a stat as hitter EqA, but better than just ERA
BA: Batting Average against pitcher, AB estimated as per below
OBP: On-Base Percentage against pitcher (estimated as (H+BB)/(AB+BB))
SLG: Slugging Average against pitcher (uses below estimates of D and T)
HR: Home Runs allowed, H: Hits allowed, BB: walks
K/9: Strikeouts per 9 innings (9*K/IP)
ERP: Estimated Runs Produced against pitcher, estimated as follows:
AB: At Bats, estimated as 3*IP*(25.7/27)+H-CS, CS estimated as below
D: Doubles, estimated as .22*(H-HR) (based on 1994 AL average)
T: Triples, estimated as .11*D in 1994
SB: Stolen Bases, estimated as .070*(H+BB-D-T-HR) in 1994
CS: Caught Stealing, estimated as .45*SB in 1994
ERP = 0.16*(3H+2D+4T+6HR+2BB+SB-0.605(AB-H+CS))
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Sources
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Most raw data from Sean Lahman's Baseball Archive, http://www.baseball1.com
Ages, left vs right vs switch, games by position, from The Sports Encyclopedia:
Baseball 17th ed., 1997, David S. Neft and Richard M. Cohen.
Park factors are based on the ones in Total Baseball, Fifth Edition, 1997,
edited by John Thorn, Pete Palmer, Michael Gershman and David Pietrusza.
Also, MVP & Cy Young results, and RF, CF & LF positions are from TB5.
Equivalent Average and Equivalent Runs are in the same spirit as described by
Clay Davenport in Baseball Prospectus 1997 Edition, Gary Huckabay, Clay
Davenport, Rany Jazayerli, Chris Kahrl, Joseph S. Sheehan,
http://www.baseballprospectus.com/
Estimated Runs Produced is described by Paul Johnson in the The Bill James
Baseball Abstract 1985.
Jays trades are listed in the Toronto Blue Jays Official Guide 1998.
I cannot guarantee that no errors were made in processing or presenting this
information.
--
Stephen Tomlinson http://www.stephent.com/jays/
mailto:stephent@ottawa.com Ottawa, Ontario
"What is the evidence, and what does it mean?" (Bill James)
Access count for this page:
Last Updated: 1998 August 19
Comments are welcome at comments@stephent.com.